Grammar


Grammar is a language level in the same was as lexis, phonology, semantics etc...


Grammar is the underlying structure of language


Linguistic rank scale

- morpheme

- word

- clause

- phrase/group

- sentence

- text

Morphology

- Morphology is the study of morphemes which are the smallest unit of grammatical meaning

 

- It is the study of the way words are formed, a morpheme is not the same as a syllable


- The word 'Apples' has two units of grammatical meaning- 'apple' & 's'


- The word apple has one unit of grammatical meaning


- 'Apple' is a free morpheme because it has grammatical meaning by itself


- 'S' is a bound morpheme because it needs to be attached to a free morpheme to have meaning


- If an affix is inflectional it means that it does not change the word class of the root word


- If it is derivational then it does change the word class of the root word


- An infix is 'abso-bloody-lutely


Modal auxiliary verbs


Auxiliary verbs are verbs that are usually used to show tense
Modal auxiliary verbs are verbs that are used to describe obligation, probability